“Holland’s main project in Emergence is to define a class of models in which simple rules generate both perpetual novelty and persistent patterns, the latter of which will count as emergent phenomena. He calls these models constrained generating procedures (cpgs). Cpgs perform the same two seemingly opposed but in fact fundamentally intertwined roles as board games, whose boards provide space to generate a huge number of possible configurations, which are interestingly constrained by the game’s rules.”